灵芝栽培研究进展Research Progress on Ganoderma Cultivation
王恬恬,徐济责,刘晓龙
摘要(Abstract):
灵芝主要分布在亚洲、欧洲、非洲、南美州等地,在亚洲作为传统中药已有数千年的历史,具有极高的药用、保健及观赏价值,在医药、保健品、化妆品、装饰品等领域有着广阔的应用前景,深受中外消费者青睐。收集野生灵芝及栽培是在世界范围内进行的,以满足其在市场上日益增长的需求。栽培基质普遍采用段木或代料栽培,仿野生栽培也已广泛应用。文中重点从灵芝产业发展现状、野生资源收集与品种选育、栽培原料、栽培模式等方面综述了国内外灵芝栽培的研究情况,同时指出了目前灵芝人工栽培中所存在的问题,以期为灵芝的进一步研究和推广提供理论参考。
关键词(KeyWords): 灵芝;产业现状;栽培模式;栽培原料
基金项目(Foundation): 吉林省重点研发计划项目(20220204066YY,20210202080NC)
作者(Author): 王恬恬,徐济责,刘晓龙
DOI: 10.13341/j.jfr.2023.1678
参考文献(References):
- [1] Fang Q H, Zhang J J. Submerged fermentation of higher fungus Ganoderma lucidum for production of valuable bioactive metabolites-ganoderic acid and polysaccharide[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2002, 10(1):61-65.
- [2] Bidegain M A, Cubitto M A, Curvetto N R. Optimization of the yield of Lingzhi or reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum(higher basidiomycetes), cultivated on a sunflower seed hull substrate produced in Argentina:effect of olive oil and copper[J]. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2015, 17(11):1095-1105.
- [3] Erbiai E H, Amina B, Kaoutar A, et al. Chemical characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial properties of the wild medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum growing in northern Moroccan forests[J]. Life, 2023, 13(5):1217.
- [4] Oke M A, Afolabi F J, Oyeleke O O, et al. Ganoderma lucidum:Unutilized natural medicine and promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022, 13:952027.
- [5] Perumal K, Director D. Indigenous technology on organic cultivation of reishi(Ganoderma lucidum)[J]. The Chairman Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre, 2009:1-12.
- [6]余永年,沈明珠.中国灵芝培育史话:中国菌物学会第三届会员代表大会暨全国第六届菌物学学术讨论会论文集[C].北京:中国菌物学会,2003.
- [7]左洪波,夏伯阳,王希亮,等.灵芝产区种质资源调查及杂交育种研究[J].现代农业研究,2021, 27(3):109-110, 124.
- [8] Chen A W. Cultivation of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum(Curt.:Fr.)P. Karst.(reishi)in North America[J].International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 1999, 1(3):263-282.
- [9] Zhou X W. Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms, 2017,(1):385-413.
- [10] Wu G S, Guo J J, Bao J L, et al. Anti-cancer properties of triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum-a review[J].Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2013, 22(8):981-992.
- [11] Yang Y L, Zhang H N, Zuo J H, et al. Advances in research on the active constituents and physiological effects of Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Biomed Dermatol, 2019(3):6.
- [12]翁立姗.闽产道地灵芝产业化发展研究[D].福州:福建中医药大学,2022.
- [13]翁立姗,金浪.闽产道地灵芝产业化发展现状、存在问题与对策建议[J].食药用菌,2022(5):343-350.
- [14]李朝谦,韩省华,叶晓菊,等.龙泉市灵芝种植技术发展过程与推广经验[J].食药用菌,2017, 25(4):226-230, 239.
- [15]李美媛,林火松.龙泉市灵芝产业发展的现状及前景[J].食药用菌,2014, 22(4):211-213.
- [16]肖红,宿美丽.文化背景下山东省灵芝商业化发展情况分析[J].中国食用菌,2019, 38(8):99-101.
- [17]刘国丽.山东冠县灵芝产业现状、问题与发展建议[J].农业工程技术,2022, 2(17):11-12.
- [18]聂婷婷.冠县灵芝产业发展现状及对策[J].广东蚕业,2022, 56(11):90-92.
- [19] Lai T, Gao Y H, Zhou S F. Global marketing of medicinal Ling Zhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum(W. Curt.:Fr.)lloyd(aphyllophoromycetideae)products and safety concerns[J]. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2004, 6(2):189-194.
- [20] Li S F, Dong C H, Wen H A, et al. Development of Lingzhi industry in China-emanated from the artificial cultivation in the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMCAS)[J]. Mycology, 2016, 28:7(2):74-80.
- [21] Chang S T, Buswell J A. Ganoderma lucidum(curt.:Fr.)P.Karst.(aphyllophoromycetideae)-a mushrooming medicinal mushroom[J]. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 1999, 1(2):139-146.
- [22] Rai R D. Successful cultivation of the medicinal mushroom Reishi, Ganoderma lucidum in India[J]. Mushroom Research, 2003, 12:87-91.
- [23]李承达,张亚鑫,刘权德,等.长枝木霉引发灵芝绿霉病的快速检测体系的建立[J].天津农业科学,2021, 27(7):61-65.
- [24]王磊.中国主要栽培灵芝品种的有效成分多样性分析[D].烟台:鲁东大学,2022.
- [25]汤坤鹏. 18个野生灵芝菌株的分离鉴定及其特性研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2022.
- [26]张彬彬,王震,刘保卫,等. 30个野生灵芝菌株遗传多样性及农艺性状评价[J].江苏农业科学,2022, 50(2):108-114.
- [27]冯云利,郭相,邰丽梅,等.食用菌种质资源菌种保藏方法研究进展[J].食用菌,2013, 35(4):8-9, 17.
- [28]张柳莲,黄清铧,王丽宁,等.甘蔗渣对灵芝菌丝生长的影响及菌种保藏评价[J].热带作物学报,2021, 42(4):1041-1046.
- [29]王明霞.灵芝菌种的保藏培养基及保藏方法研究[J].食用菌,1991, 13(4):15.
- [30]肖益芳.灵芝和杏鲍菇菌种的超低温保存技术研究及保藏效果的鉴定[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2016.
- [31]谢航,林娟.灵芝菌种液氮保藏工艺分析[J].浙江农业科学,2021, 62(4):705-708.
- [32]夏隆春,郭慧君,刘秋红,等.超低温冷冻保藏法在菌种保藏中的研究[J].中国动物保健,2015, 17(3):66-68.
- [33]王晓敏,曾茜,魏善元,等.灵芝菌种低温保藏保护剂配方研究[J].耕作与栽培,2021, 41(4):46-49.
- [34]池小妹.我国灵芝人工栽培技术研究现状[J].时珍国医国药,2005(8):791-792.
- [35]刘绍雄,刘春丽,李建英,等.白肉灵芝人工栽培及活性成分研究进展[J].中国食用菌,2020, 39(4):1-4, 16.
- [36]刘新锐,柯斌榕,吴小平,等.灵芝新品种‘芝102’[J].园艺学报,2014, 41(9):1951-1952.
- [37]胡海燕.芝萃1号[R].宣城:旌德县黄山毫喝生物科技有限公司,2019-10-08.
- [38] Batra P, Sharma A K, Khajuria R. Probing Lingzhi or reishi medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum(higher basidiomycetes):a bitter mushroom with amazing health benefits[J].International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms[J]. 2013, 15(2):127-143.
- [39] Thiribhuvanamala G, Krishnamoorthy A S. Evaluation of different lignocellulosic substrates for cultivation of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Journal of Environmental Biology, 2021, 42(5):1314-1319.
- [40] Mehta S, Jandaik S, Gupta D. Effect of cost-effective substrates on growth cycle and yield of Lingzhi or reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum(higher Basidiomycetes)from northwestern Himalaya(India)[J]. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2014, 16(6):585-591.
- [41]农东红,曾广宇,高凯.油茶段木栽培灵芝菌株筛选及林下仿野生栽培试验[J].食用菌,2023, 45(6):51-52, 58.
- [42]朱华功,丛晔,孙来福,等.松杉灵芝林下短段木栽培技术研究[J].农业与技术,2016, 36(4):176, 256.
- [43] Poomsing P, Pattanapanyasat K, Wongsinkongman P, et al.Research and development of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in Thailand[J]. Mahidol University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, 40(3):1-7.
- [44]罗金珠,聂晓玲.梨枝短段木畦式覆土栽培灵芝技术[J].食用菌,2015, 37(1):49-51.
- [45] Stamets P. Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms[M]3rd. Berkeley, CA:Ten speed Press,2000.
- [46] Chen A W. Natural log cultivation of the medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum(Reishi)[J]. Mushroom Growers’s Newsletter, 2002, 3(9):2-6.
- [47] World Bank Group. Global Waste to Grow by 70 Percent by2050 unless Urgent Action Is Taken:Report of the world bank[R]. Washington:World Bank, 2018.
- [48] Ilerdi J L, Vukojevi J B, Klaus A S, et al. Wheat straw-a promissing substrate for Ganoderma lucidum cultivation[J].Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 2018, 17(1):13-22.
- [49] Yang F C, Hsieh C Y, Chen H M. Use of stillage grain from a rice-spirit distillery in the solid state fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2003, 39(1):21-26.
- [50]刘静雯.芦苇秸秆对灵芝培养的影响及其发酵液在玉米苗期的应用研究[D].天津:天津农学院,2022.
- [51] Jo E Y, Cheon J L, Ahn J H. Effect of food waste compost on the antler-type fruiting body yield of Ganoderma lucidum[J].Mycobiology, 2013, 41(1):42-46.
- [52]刘宏宇,丁野.槟榔茎秆栽培基质对灵芝营养利用规律及生理特性的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2021, 41(6):17-20.
- [53]张鑫,谢苗,亓小妮,等.适宜药渣栽培的灵芝优良菌株筛选与鉴定[J].中国食用菌,2021, 40(9):34-39.
- [54]李林,郭红艳,孙晓杰,等.利用大豆秸杆和玉米秸秆栽培灵芝[J].食用菌学报,2021, 28(4):15-19.
- [55] Curvetto N R, Delmastro S, Devalis R, et al. Sunflower seed hulls as a main nutrient source for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum[J].Micología Aplicada Internacional, 2002, 14(2):19.
- [56] Veena S S, Pandey M. Paddy straw as a substrate for the cultivation of Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum(W.Curt.:Fr.)P. Karst. in India[J]. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2011, 13(4):397-400.
- [57] Khoo S C, Ma N L, Peng W X, et al. Valorisation of biomass and diaper waste into a sustainable production of the medical mushroom Lingzhi Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Chemosphere,2022, 286:131477.
- [58] Atila F. Comparative study on the mycelial growth and yield of Ganoderma lucidum(Curt.:Fr.)Karst. on different lignocellulosic wastes[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020(2):153-157.
- [59]张波,叶雷,谭伟,等.莲子壳主料对代栽灵芝生长及其生产效益的影响[J/OL].菌物学报,1-11[2023-12-13].https://doi.org/113346/j.mycosystema.230207.
- [60]周威杰,罗培娟,成纪予.利用竹屑代料栽培灵芝的试验[J].浙江农业科学,2022, 63(7):1469-1471, 1474.
- [61]刘长斯,谢刚.青蒿残渣栽培灵芝试验[J].食用菌,2015, 37(2):26-27.
- [62] Cha D Y, Yoo Y B.Ⅳ. cultivation of reishi(Ganoderma lucidum)[J]. Food Reviews International, 1997, 13(3):373-378.
- [63] Mayzumi F, Okamoto H, Mizuno T.Ⅳ. Cultivation of reishi(Ganoderma lucidum)[J]. Food Reviews International,1997, 13(3):365-370.
- [64]赵丽宏,谭晓艳,刘洋,等.东北地区松杉灵芝林下覆土栽培管理技术[J].中国林副特产,2022(6):41-42.
- [65]陈文杰,马清河,古述江.灵芝的椴木栽培技术关键点控制[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(12):99-101.
- [66]张元霞.灵芝段木栽培技术[J].新农业,2016(1):31-32.
- [67]何焕清,陈淑娟,黄育江,等.西藏白肉灵芝段木栽培技术[J].中国食用菌,2019, 38(5):25-28, 31.
- [68] Bijalwan A, Bahuguna K, Vasishth A, et al. Growth performance of Ganoderma lucidum using billet method in Garhwal Himalaya, India[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2021, 28(5):2709-2717.
- [69]周思菊,秦义勇,秦忠明,等.冬季短段木灵芝栽培技术规程[J].中国食用菌,2019, 38(3):101-102, 106.
- [70]万丹凤,李忠芹,王敏谦,等.林下仿野生灵芝高产高效栽培技术推广[J].农业与技术,2020, 40(5):111-113.
- [71]田苏奎,吕明亮,李望杰,等.毛竹林下优质灵芝栽培模式[J].农村新技术,2023(8):22-24.
- [72]汪龙.段木灵芝栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2021(20):74-76.
- [73]胡龙湘.灵芝短段木熟料栽培技术[J].农业科技通讯,2018(7):292-294.
- [74]周洁,张波,李小林,等.不同覆土材料对段木栽培灵芝产量及品质的影响[J].中国食用菌,2020, 39(11):26-30.
- [75]梁晋谊,成传荣,许克勇,等.灵芝的工厂化栽培技术[J].食用菌,2015, 37(3):30-31.
- [76]陈锋平.灵芝人工种植现状及工厂化种植发展思路[J].福建农机,2018(4):7-12.
- [77] Erkel E I. The effect of different substrate mediums on yield of Ganoderma lucidum(Fr.)Karst[J]. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 2009, 7:841-844.
- [78] Peksen A, Yakupoglu G. Tea waste as a supplement for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum[J]. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2009, 25:611-618.
- [79] Jeewanthi L A M N, Ratnayake K, Rajapakse P. Growth and yield of reishi mushroom[Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis)P.Karst] in different sawdust substrates[J]. Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2017, 10(1/2):8.
- [80] Roy S, Jahan M A A, Das K K, et al.Artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum(reishi medicinal mushroom)using different sawdusts as substrates[J]. American Journal of BioScience, 2015, 3(5):178-182.
- [81]陈宜,谢晟,李胜杰,等.棉花秸秆栽培灵芝的品种与配方筛选试验[J].中国食用菌,2016, 35(4):47-49, 53.
- [82]杨桂珍.赤灵芝高产栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2009(19):142-144.
- [83]邓丽云,李小霞,李丽.赤灵芝栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2014(19):110.
- [84]张冬梅.泰山赤灵芝的人工栽培[J].特种经济动植物,2000, 3(3):39.
- [85]李贵春,许延敏,庞启亮,等.松杉灵芝棚室代料栽培技术[J].防护林科技,2018(4):92-93, 95.
- [86]王庆武,兰玉菲,罗霞,等.泰山赤灵芝代料栽培配方筛选试验[J].山东农业科学,2013, 45(11):60-62.
- [87]丛倩倩,王庆武,孔怡,等.灵芝立体网格层架式栽培技术[J].食用菌,2022, 44(5):37-38, 59.
- [88]曾广宇,梁文汇,蓝金宣,等.红锥林下黑灵芝仿野生栽培效益分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018(4):128-129.
- [89]赵丽宏,谭晓艳,刘洋,等.东北地区松杉灵芝林下覆土栽培管理技术[J].中国林副特产,2022(6):41-42.
- [90]陈新强,李钦艳,黄浩,等.梅州灵芝林下栽培试验研究[J].湖南林业科技,2022, 49(1):31-37.
- [91]宫敬利,李凤林.灵芝代料栽培配方的比较试验[J].食药用菌,2014, 22(5):272-273.
- [92]魏巍,余梦瑶,许晓燕,等.出芝温度对灵芝基质物质含量和酶活的影响[J].中国食用菌,2014, 33(6):49-55.
- [93]姚珂,韩嘉钰,贺黎铭,等.空气中CO2浓度对灵芝三萜的影响及其分子机制研究[J].中国食用菌,2018, 37(6):44-49.
- [94] Matute R G, Figlas D, Devalis R, et al. Sunflower seed hulls as a main nutrient source for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Micologia aplicada international, 2002, 14(2):19-24.
- [95]李佳,陈天然,邓紫凤,等.不同人工栽培方式对灵芝生长状况的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2023, 51(6):31-34, 40.
- [96]刘又高,蔡瑞杭,陈官菊,等.灵芝栽培技术研究进展[J].农业科技通讯,2021(12):257-260.
- [97]许琳,王胜,刘勤来,等.灵芝子实体适宜采收期研究[J].特产研究,2022, 44(5):49-52, 57.
- [98]郭美蓉.尤溪县赤灵芝覆土设施栽培技术要点[J].南方农业,2023, 17(6):1-3.
- [99]李超.赤灵芝短段木棚式标准化高产栽培技术[J].食用菌,2014, 36(1):42-43, 63.
- [100]姚珂,周州,贺黎铭,等.灵芝采收加工技术研究现状[J].四川农业科技,2022(9):66-70.
- [101] Zhang J S, Tang Q J, Zhou S, et al. Polysaccharide of Ganoderma and its bioactivities[J]. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2019, 1181:107-134.
- [102]汤如莹.灵芝孢子粉与灵芝中药药性对比研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2019.
- [103]王金贺,王延锋,史磊,等.灵芝孢子粉优质高产技术[J].中国林副特产,2023(4):27-28.
- [104]李小林.灵芝孢子粉收集装置以及灵芝孢子粉收集系统:201810410225.2[P]. 2018-08-24.
- [105]刘长斯.灵芝孢子粉收集系统:201410296651.X[P].2017-01-18.
- [106]唐传红,苏春丽,张劲松,等.灵芝属分类学研究进展[J].食用菌学报,2007, 14(3):86-90.