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桑黄的药用记载源自两千多年前中国最早的中药学专著《神农本草经》中的"桑耳",桑黄名称最早出自唐初甄权所著《药性论》。真正野生桑树桑黄数量少而伪桑黄种类及数量多。真桑黄分辨不易,也难以栽培子实体。桑黄在2012年发表为新种,在2016年发表为新属。桑黄族群分析结果,可分为"华西南"、"华东南-台湾"、"中国东北-韩国-日本"3个主要族群。华西南可能是桑黄的起源中心。本文未显示桑黄子实体及菌丝体具有毒性。桑黄子实体及菌丝体皆具有良好清除自由基能力,抗发炎及抑制肝、肺癌细胞的能力。桑树桑黄的药理活性效果优于杨树桑黄以及暴马桑黄。桑树桑黄优良菌株菌丝体的几项有效化学成分及保健功效并不亚于桑黄子实体。文中同时提出促进桑黄产业开发的几点意见。
Abstract：The first record on the medicinal use of "Sanghuang"date back 2000 years to China's The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica,by the name "Sanger". The term "Sanghuang"was first reported in a Chinese medicinal book The characters of drugs written by Zhen Quan in early Tang Dynasty. Wild production of true Sanghuang fruiting bodies is very low,while that of the false ones is abundant. It is not easy to distinguish true Sanghuang species from the false one,and it is also difficult to get Sanghuang fruiting bodies by cultivation. The true Sanghuang was published as a new species in 2012,and presented as belonging to a new genus in 2016. Population analysis of the true Sanghuang( Sanghuangporus sanghuang) species indicated that three main populations are present,i.e.,"SW China","SE China-Taiwan",and "NE China-Korea-Japan"elements. SW China is possible the origin center of the Sanghaung species. This article indicated that neither Sanghuang fruiting bodies nor mycelia possess toxicity. Both fruiting bodies and mycelia were proved bearing good free radical scavenging capacity,anti-inflammatory action,and effective suppression of liver and lung cancer cells. Pharmacological activities of Sanghuangporus sanghuang are better than S. baumii and S. vaninii. Some effective chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of good strains of Sanghuang mycelia are not less than fruting bodies. This paper also presents some suggestions,for promoting the development of Sanghuang industry.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13341/j.jfr.2014.6401
中图分类号:S567.39
引用信息:
[1]吴声华,黄冠中,陈愉萍等.桑黄的分类及开发前景[J].菌物研究,2016,14(04):187-200+185.DOI:10.13341/j.jfr.2014.6401.
基金信息:
台湾林务局补助研究计划[补助编号101林发-07.1-保-40(吴声华)];台湾林务局补助研究计划[103林发-07.1-保-19(黄冠中;吴声华)]