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紫杉醇作为一种天然抗癌物质，自1971年研究发现可从红豆杉中分离以来，已成为乳腺癌、卵巢癌等多种癌症治疗的重要药物。然而，其来源植物红豆杉数量稀缺且生长缓慢，极大地限制了紫杉醇的供应。多年来，超过200种内生真菌被报道可产紫杉醇，因此，利用内生真菌来生产紫杉醇被认为是最具前景的解决方案。然而，内生真菌中紫杉醇的未知合成途径一直是困扰科学界的难题。重点梳理了产紫杉醇的植物内生真菌种属分布及产量，探讨了内生真菌合成紫杉醇的进化起源及其合成机制，以及目前提高内生真菌紫杉醇产量的方法，讨论了当前研究面临的挑战与机遇，旨在加强对内生真菌中紫杉醇合成机制的理解。随着新型生物技术手段的进步，内生真菌在紫杉醇生产中的应用前景将更加广阔。
Abstract：Since isolated from Taxus sp. in 1971, paclitaxel, a natural anticancer substance, has become one of important drugs in the treatment of many types of cancers including breast and ovarian cancers. However, the scarcity and slow growth of its source plant greatly limit the supply capacity of paclitaxel. Over the years, more than 200 species of endophytic fungi have been reported to produce paclitaxel, indicating therefore that the use of endophytic fungi for production of paclitaxel could be the most promising way to solve the above situations. Even so, the synthetic pathway of paclitaxel in endophytic fungi is still unknown, remaining a problematic issue for the scientific community. This review focuses on the classification, distribution and production of paclitaxel-producing plant endophytic fungi together with discussions on the evolutionary origin and putative mechanism of paclitaxel synthesis by endophytic fungi, the current methods for improvement of fungal paclitaxel production as well as and the challenges and opportunities faced by current researches. Through extensive understanding of the mechanism of paclitaxel synthesis in endophytic fungi and use of the advanced novel biotechnological tools, the application of endophytic fungi in paclitaxel production will be more promising in future.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13341/j.jfr.2024.1835
中图分类号:Q939.9
引用信息:
[1]吴佳雯,张盛权,尹文兵.植物内生真菌生产紫杉醇：挑战与机遇[J].菌物研究,2025,23(02):79-92+76.DOI:10.13341/j.jfr.2024.1835.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（32170066）; 中国科学院基础前沿科学研究计划从0到1原始创新项目（ZDBS-LYSM016）;中国科学院战略生物资源衍生库项目（KFJ-BRP-009-005）;中国科学院基础与交叉前沿科研先导专项B(XDB0830000)